A single LED indicates whether the battery charger of Figure 1 is delivering a fast charge or a trickle charge. During fast charges, the LED lights continuously because IC2's active-low FASTCH output sinks dc current. During trickle charges, it flashes because D1 and Q1 enable the 555 timer.
Figure 1. The shaded components in this NiCd (or NiMH) battery charger cause the LED to flash during trickle charges.
The timer is configured as an astable multivibrator operating at 60Hz (f = 1 / 1.4RC). It remains enabled during a fast charge, but must shut off when the battery is disconnected. Zener diode D1 makes that decision. With no battery connected (a condition sensed by R5 and an internal comparator), IC2 produces a voltage at BATT+ equal to twice the number of cells for which the IC is programmed. This voltage (4V for two cells) turns on the 3.3V zener and disables the timer.
Connecting a battery drops the BATT+ voltage to 2.8V (1.4V per cell), which turns off D1, turns off Q1, and enables the timer. The timer output drives Q3, whose collector (wire-OR'd with the open-drain active-low FASTCH output) causes the LED to flash.
Other cell counts require different zener voltages:
During a fast charge, the LED should glow steadily, without flicker caused by the operating timer. This condition is assured if the active-low FASTCH voltage remains low: IC2's data sheet guarantees a 0.4V maximum when active-low FASTCH sinks 2mA. Higher currents produce a higher voltage that may result in flicker. In that case, you can cure the problem by adding a resistor in the emitter of Q3.
下载，PDF格式
Figure 1. The shaded components in this NiCd (or NiMH) battery charger cause the LED to flash during trickle charges. 
